co-authored with D. Arnold, and published in Business & Society Review, v. 108, no. 4 (2003).

In this essay we explore several multinational corporations’ global labor programs in an effort to illustrate the positive impact of moral imagination at the individual, organizational, and systems level on the “sweatshop” problem.  The intent is to identify the factors that have allowed particular MNCs to respect the basic rights of workers and thereby exhibit positive deviancy from the norm in their industry.  The labor initiatives discussed herein were trailblazing at their inception.  However, they have become increasingly common thereby raising stakeholder expectations to the extent that a failure to provide these basic standards is regarded as morally unacceptable.  We conclude that the exercise of moral imagination as demonstrated in these cases suggest a diminishing future for sweatshops.