co-authored with L. Trevino, M. Brown, and published in California Management Review, v. 42, no. 4 (Summer, 2000) p. 128

Our research found that that a reputation for ethical leadership rests upon two pillars: 1) moral being and 2) moral managing.  The first pillar, moral being, has to do with the ethical substance of ethical leadership -- being an ethical person who consistently makes decisions and behaves based upon a solid set of ethical values. The second pillar, moral managing, has more to do with the leadership process aspect of ethical leadership.  It is about creating perceptions in others of the importance of ethics and values in the organization. One’s reputation depends upon others’ perceptions.  To be perceived as an ethical leader, others must perceive the ethical dimension of your leadership.